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Functions of Blood and Its Pressure in Details

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If we start discussing functions of blood in detail a whole new chapter can be written on that. Precisely most important function of blood is transport of oxygen and nutrients (also hormones, antibodies etc.) to all parts of the body and carrying of Co2 and waste products to excretory organs.

In short other functions of Blood are as follows:

1. Forms antibodies, thus help in resisting various specific infections.

2. Transports hormones from endocrine glands.

3. Helps in regulation of temperature.

4. Helps to maintain body’s fluid volume and its balance in body.

5. Maintains electrolyte balance in body fluids.

6. Through clotting mechanism helps to control self (blood) loss.

7. Supplies nutrients to all parts of the body (the internal secretions, hormones, and enzymes are conveyed from organs to organ by means of blood).

Normal Blood Pressure Range (in mm Hg):

  Diastolic Systolic
In infancy 50 70-90
In childhood 60 80-100
During the adolescent period 60 90-110
In a young adult 60-70 110-125
As age advances it increases 80-90 130-150

Note: All the above values are average values.

Blood groups: (ABO- system)

Based on the presence of specific antigens (agglutinogens) on the erythrocytes, human blood can be divided into four groups, which are:

1.    A

2.    B

3.    AB

4.    O

The agglutinogens A and B are developed in early fatal life, remain constant throughout life and are not altered by disease or environmental conditions. The agglutinins anti-A and anti-B are developed in the serum against whichever antigens are absent on the RBCs, in the blood.

RH factor: Rh factor was discovered by Land Steiner and Wiener in 1940. They injected blood of Macaques rhesus monkey (Common brown monkey of India) into rabbit, which resulted into the formation of antibodies in the serum of rabbit’s blood. These antibodies agglutinated the red cells of monkeys and red cells of 85% of human blood samples. The antibodies were named as anti-Rh. Person whose red cells were agglutinated were designated as Rh-positive and others as Rh-negative. The agglutinogen got the name Rh-factor.

Mn- Group System: This group is of particular importance in medico legal cases of paternity dispute. This system is based on the presence of M and N agglutinogens, which are quite distinct and independent of A, B and H antigens. These agglutinogens appear on the red cells in early fatal life and are fully developed at birth. They remain constant throughout life and are not altered by environmental conditions. The corresponding agglutinins are not normally present in human blood.

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